Introduction to industrial robots
Industrial robots (English: industrial robot. Referred to as IR) is widely applicable to independent action, and multi-axis machinery and equipment. Where necessary, they are equipped with sensors, and its action steps include flexible, turn the programmable control (ie, in the course of their work, without any external intervention). They are usually equipped with a manipulator, tool or other assembly of the processing tools, as well as be able to perform the task of handling operations and manufacturing.
Industrial robots in industrial production instead of the monotonous, frequent and repetitive work, long hours or dangerous operating in harsh environments, such as stamping, pressure casting, heat treatment, welding, painting, plastics forming simple machining and assembly processes, as well as in the atomic energy industry and other sectors, to complete removal of harmful materials or process operations.
In the late 1950s, the United States on the basis of the manipulator and manipulator, using the servo mechanism, and automatic control technology, developed the versatility of an independent industrial automatic operation, and as industrial robots; 1960s the beginning of the successful development of two industrial robots, and quickly be applied in industrial production; 1969, General Motors Corporation 21 industrial robot automatic production line for welding the car body. Since then, the industrial countries attach great importance to the development and application of industrial robots. Industrial robots have a certain versatility and adaptability, able to adapt to the many varieties, small batch production, the 1970s, often associated with digital control machine tools together and become an integral part of flexible manufacturing cells or flexible manufacturing systems.
Structure and classification
The industrial robot is composed of three basic components of the main drive system and control system. That is, the main base unit and the implementing agencies, including the arm, wrist and hand, some robot walking mechanism. Most industrial robots have six degrees of freedom of movement, of which the wrist is usually one to three degrees of freedom of movement; drive system including a power plant and transmission to the executing agency to produce the action; control system in accordance with program input of the drive system and the implementing agencies to issue a command signal, and control.
Industrial robot arm movement form is divided into four types. Cartesian coordinates of the arm can move along the three Cartesian coordinates; cylindrical coordinates of the arm for lifting, rotating and stretching movements; spherical coordinates of the arm rotation, tilt and telescopic; have more than one joint type of arm revolute joints.
The industrial robot according to the executive body movement control function can be divided into point and continuous path type. Point type only control point to another, the accurate positioning of the implementing agencies for machine loading and unloading, welding and general handling, loading and unloading operations; continuous path type can control the movement of the executive body of a given trajectory, suitable for continuous welding and painting and other operations.
The industrial robot according to the procedure input methods to distinguish between the programming input type and demonstrations to teach input categories. Programming input type is a good operating procedures have been incorporated in the computer file, sent through the RS232 serial or Ethernet communication to the robot control cabinet.
Teach teach input in two ways: one with a manual control by the operator to manipulate the box (teach), the command signal to the drive system, the executing agency by order of the requested action and the trajectory of drill again ; the other is by the operator direct leadership of the implementing agencies, according to the order of the requested action and the trajectory of the drill again. Teach the process at the same time, the working procedures of the information is automatically stored in program memory, the robot automatically work, the control system detected from the program memory, the appropriate information, instruction signals to the drive mechanism, the executing agency reproduction Teach a variety of actions. The industrial robot teach the input program is called to show the teaching and playback of industrial robots.
Tactile, force, or a simple vision of industrial robots can work in a more complex environment; such as the recognition feature, or to further increase the adaptive self-learning function, it becomes an intelligent industrial robots. It in accordance with the people to "macro" choice or by ourselves to adapt to the environment, and automatically complete the more complex work.
China's industrial robots
China's industrial robots started in the early 1970s, after 20 years of development has gone through three stages: infancy in the 1970s, the development period of the 1980s and 1990s the application of technology of
The 1970s was a milestone in world technological development: human beings landed on the moon, Venus, Mars, soft landing. China has also launched satellites. Industrial robot applications in the world set off a climax, in particular, more rapid development in Japan, it added to the growing shortage of labor. In this context, in 1972, China started to develop their own industrial robots.
1980s under the impact of the wave in the high-tech, with the deepening of reform and opening up, China's robotics development and research has been the government's attention and support. Seventh Five-Year Plan "period, the state invested to tackle the problems of industrial robots and their components, completed to show the development of teaching and playback technology package of industrial robots, developed a spray, spot welding, arc welding and handling robots. The National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of 1986, the theme of intelligent robots tracking the forefront of world robotics, after several years of research, a large number of scientific research, successfully developed a number of special robots .
Since the early 1990s, China's national economy into two fundamental period of change, setting off a new round of economic restructuring and technological progress boom, China's industrial robots and a major step forward in practice, has developed a spot welding, arc welding, assembly, painting, cutting, handling, packaging, palletizing a variety of uses such as industrial robots, and implemented a number of robot application engineering, the formation of a group of robots industrial base for our robot industry to take off the foundation. Although China's industrial robot industry is in constant progress, and international counterparts, the gap is still evident. From a market share of more can not be compared. The core technology of industrial robots, we have yet to master, this is an important bottleneck in the development of China's robotics industry.
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